The vibrant colors observed in hot springs are primarily caused by the presence of certain types of bacteria and microorganisms, as well as various mineral deposits. Here's a breakdown of the key factors contributing to the coloration:
• Microorganisms: Hot springs often contain thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria and algae that thrive in the high-temperature environments. These microorganisms can produce pigments that range from green and yellow to red and orange, contributing to the overall coloration of the water.
• Thermophiles: Certain species of thermophilic bacteria, such as Chloroflexus and Thermophilic Cyanobacteria, are known to create mats or biofilms in hot springs. These microbial mats can appear as colorful layers and can give rise to different hues depending on the specific organisms present.
• Minerals: The water in hot springs contains dissolved minerals, such as sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and iron. The concentration and interaction of these minerals with the surrounding environment play a significant role in color formation. For example, iron oxides can produce red, orange, and yellow hues, while sulfur deposits can create vibrant yellow and green colors.
• Temperature and pH: The temperature and pH levels of hot springs influence the types of microorganisms that can thrive in them. Different species of bacteria and algae have specific temperature and pH requirements, which can impact the coloration they produce.
It's important to note that the colors can vary over time and may be influenced by factors like seasonal variations, changes in mineral content, and the overall microbial composition of the hot spring. The unique combination of these factors contributes to the remarkable and diverse colors seen in hot springs around the world.
The “Tepee Fountain” was built by Wyoming State Parks and Cultural Resources in 1909 to vent steam from hot mineral water that was piped throughout the park. As water flows over the structure, it cools and deposits layer upon layer of travertine. This process is similar to the formation of terraces seen throughout the park.
The different colors seen on the fountain are various types of algae that grow in the hot mineral water.
The earliest photo of the “Tepee Fountain” shows water flowing out of a vertical vent pipe over a pyramid of rocks. Other historical photos show the buildup of mineral deposits over time.